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407 Unsolved Problems
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13.2.20
Geometrical optics. Photometry. Quantum nature of light — Refraction of light. The lens formula
viewed 453 times
13.3.5
Geometrical optics. Photometry. Quantum nature of light — Optical systems
viewed 420 times
3.7.6
Oscillations and Waves — Wave propagation
viewed 199 times
3.8.2
Oscillations and Waves — Overlapping and reflection of waves
viewed 170 times
10.1.19
Motion of charged particles in complex fields — Motion in a homogeneous magnetic field
viewed 169 times
3.5.23
Oscillations and Waves — Forced and damped oscillations
viewed 162 times
13.3.11
Geometrical optics. Photometry. Quantum nature of light — Optical systems
viewed 138 times
6.3.7
Electrostatics — The potential of an electric field. Conductors in a constant electric field
viewed 12 times
6.3.10
Electrostatics — The potential of an electric field. Conductors in a constant electric field
viewed 11 times
▶
Chapter 1. Kinematics
111 / 112
1.4: Galileo's transformations
17 / 18
1.4.6
▶
Chapter 2. Dynamics
129 / 392
2.1: Newton's laws
50 / 67
2.1.43
2.1.52
2.1.53
2.1.54
2.1.55
2.1.56
2.1.57
2.1.58
2.1.59
2.1.60
2.1.61
2.1.62
2.1.63
2.1.64
2.1.65
2.1.66
2.1.67
2.2: Momentum. Center of mass
11 / 47
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.2.8
2.2.9
2.2.10
2.2.11
2.2.12
2.2.13
2.2.14
2.2.15
2.2.17
2.2.18
2.2.19
2.2.20
2.2.21
2.2.22
2.2.25
2.2.26
2.2.27
2.2.28
2.2.30
2.2.31
2.2.32
2.2.33
2.2.35
2.2.36
2.2.40
2.2.43
2.2.45
2.2.46
2.2.47
2.3: Kinetic energy. Work. Potential energy
12 / 49
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
2.3.7
2.3.8
2.3.9
2.3.10
2.3.11
2.3.12
2.3.13
2.3.14
2.3.15
2.3.16
2.3.17
2.3.18
2.3.19
2.3.20
2.3.21
2.3.22
2.3.23
2.3.24
2.3.25
2.3.26
2.3.27
2.3.28
2.3.29
2.3.31
2.3.32
2.3.33
2.3.34
2.3.37
2.3.42
2.3.43
2.3.47
2.4: Energy of a system. Energy transfer. Power
11 / 45
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.4.7
2.4.8
2.4.10
2.4.13
2.4.14
2.4.15
2.4.18
2.4.19
2.4.21
2.4.22
2.4.23
2.4.24
2.4.25
2.4.26
2.4.27
2.4.28
2.4.29
2.4.30
2.4.31
2.4.32
2.4.36
2.4.37
2.4.38
2.4.39
2.4.40
2.4.41
2.4.42
2.4.43
2.4.44
2.4.45
2.5: Collisions
9 / 39
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.5.6
2.5.7
2.5.8
2.5.10
2.5.11
2.5.12
2.5.13
2.5.14
2.5.15
2.5.16
2.5.19
2.5.20
2.5.21
2.5.22
2.5.23
2.5.24
2.5.27
2.5.28
2.5.29
2.5.30
2.5.31
2.5.32
2.5.33
2.5.34
2.5.39
2.6: Gravitational force. Kepler's laws
14 / 53
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5
2.6.6
2.6.7
2.6.8
2.6.9
2.6.10
2.6.11
2.6.12
2.6.13
2.6.15
2.6.16
2.6.17
2.6.18
2.6.19
2.6.20
2.6.21
2.6.22
2.6.23
2.6.24
2.6.25
2.6.26
2.6.27
2.6.28
2.6.29
2.6.31
2.6.32
2.6.34
2.6.35
2.6.39
2.6.40
2.6.44
2.6.47
2.6.49
2.6.50
2.6.51
2.7: Rotation of a solid body
9 / 48
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
2.7.4
2.7.5
2.7.7
2.7.8
2.7.9
2.7.10
2.7.11
2.7.12
2.7.13
2.7.14
2.7.15
2.7.16
2.7.17
2.7.18
2.7.21
2.7.22
2.7.23
2.7.24
2.7.26
2.7.28
2.7.29
2.7.30
2.7.31
2.7.33
2.7.34
2.7.35
2.7.36
2.7.37
2.7.38
2.7.39
2.7.40
2.7.43
2.7.45
2.7.46
2.7.47
2.7.48
2.8: Statics
13 / 44
2.8.2
2.8.3
2.8.5
2.8.6
2.8.7
2.8.8
2.8.9
2.8.10
2.8.12
2.8.15
2.8.18
2.8.19
2.8.20
2.8.21
2.8.22
2.8.23
2.8.24
2.8.26
2.8.27
2.8.28
2.8.29
2.8.30
2.8.31
2.8.32
2.8.33
2.8.35
2.8.36
2.8.38
2.8.39
2.8.41
2.8.42
▶
Chapter 3. Oscillations and Waves
38 / 247
3.1: Small deviations from equilibrium
16 / 17
3.1.14
3.2: Period and frequency of free oscillations
16 / 37
3.2.15
3.2.18
3.2.19
3.2.20
3.2.21
3.2.22
3.2.23
3.2.24
3.2.25
3.2.26
3.2.27
3.2.28
3.2.29
3.2.30
3.2.31
3.2.32
3.2.33
3.2.34
3.2.35
3.2.36
3.2.37
3.3: Harmonic motion
5 / 36
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.3.7
3.3.9
3.3.10
3.3.12
3.3.13
3.3.15
3.3.16
3.3.17
3.3.18
3.3.19
3.3.20
3.3.21
3.3.22
3.3.23
3.3.24
3.3.25
3.3.26
3.3.27
3.3.28
3.3.29
3.3.30
3.3.32
3.3.33
3.3.34
3.3.35
3.3.36
3.4: The superposition of oscillations
0 / 19
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.4.7
3.4.8
3.4.9
3.4.10
3.4.11
3.4.12
3.4.13
3.4.14
3.4.15
3.4.16
3.4.17
3.4.18
3.4.19
3.5: Forced and damped oscillations
1 / 42
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.6
3.5.7
3.5.8
3.5.9
3.5.10
3.5.11
3.5.12
3.5.13
3.5.14
3.5.15
3.5.16
3.5.17
3.5.18
3.5.19
3.5.20
3.5.21
3.5.22
3.5.23
3.5.24
3.5.25
3.5.26
3.5.27
3.5.28
3.5.29
3.5.30
3.5.31
3.5.32
3.5.33
3.5.34
3.5.35
3.5.36
3.5.37
3.5.38
3.5.39
3.5.40
3.5.41
3.5.42
3.6: Strain and stress. Wave's speed
0 / 28
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
3.6.6
3.6.7
3.6.8
3.6.9
3.6.10
3.6.11
3.6.12
3.6.13
3.6.14
3.6.15
3.6.16
3.6.17
3.6.18
3.6.19
3.6.20
3.6.21
3.6.22
3.6.23
3.6.24
3.6.25
3.6.26
3.6.27
3.6.28
3.7: Wave propagation
0 / 22
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.3
3.7.4
3.7.5
3.7.6
3.7.7
3.7.8
3.7.9
3.7.10
3.7.11
3.7.12
3.7.13
3.7.14
3.7.15
3.7.16
3.7.17
3.7.18
3.7.19
3.7.20
3.7.21
3.7.22
3.8: Overlapping and reflection of waves
0 / 20
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.8.3
3.8.4
3.8.5
3.8.6
3.8.7
3.8.8
3.8.9
3.8.10
3.8.11
3.8.12
3.8.13
3.8.14
3.8.15
3.8.16
3.8.17
3.8.18
3.8.19
3.8.20
3.9: Sound. Acoustic resonators
0 / 26
3.9.1
3.9.2
3.9.3
3.9.4
3.9.5
3.9.6
3.9.7
3.9.8
3.9.9
3.9.10
3.9.11
3.9.12
3.9.13
3.9.14
3.9.15
3.9.16
3.9.17
3.9.18
3.9.19
3.9.20
3.9.21
3.9.22
3.9.23
3.9.24
3.9.25
3.9.26
▶
Chapter 4. Fluid Mechanics
22 / 125
4.1: Fluid Pressure
5 / 24
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.1.8
4.1.9
4.1.10
4.1.11
4.1.14
4.1.15
4.1.16
4.1.18
4.1.19
4.1.20
4.1.21
4.1.23
4.1.24
4.2: Swimming. Archimedes' law
12 / 27
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.8
4.2.9
4.2.10
4.2.15
4.2.16
4.2.20
4.2.22
4.2.23
4.2.24
4.2.27
4.3: The motion of an ideal fluid
0 / 21
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
4.3.9
4.3.10
4.3.11
4.3.12
4.3.13
4.3.14
4.3.15
4.3.16
4.3.17
4.3.18
4.3.19
4.3.20
4.3.21
4.4: Viscous fluid flow
0 / 9
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.6
4.4.7
4.4.8
4.4.9
4.5: Fluid surface tension
4 / 27
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.5.6
4.5.7
4.5.8
4.5.9
4.5.10
4.5.11
4.5.13
4.5.14
4.5.15
4.5.16
4.5.18
4.5.20
4.5.21
4.5.22
4.5.23
4.5.24
4.5.25
4.5.26
4.5.27
4.6: Capillary phenomena
1 / 17
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.6.4
4.6.5
4.6.6
4.6.7
4.6.8
4.6.9
4.6.10
4.6.11
4.6.12
4.6.13
4.6.14
4.6.16
4.6.17
▶
Chapter 5. Molecular Physics
14 / 232
5.1: Thermal motion of particles
0 / 11
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7
5.1.8
5.1.9
5.1.10
5.1.11
5.2: Distribution of gas molecules by velocity
1 / 17
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.2.6
5.2.7
5.2.8
5.2.10
5.2.11
5.2.12
5.2.13
5.2.14
5.2.15
5.2.16
5.2.17
5.3: Collisions of molecules. Transfer processes
3 / 14
5.3.4
5.3.5
5.3.6
5.3.7
5.3.8
5.3.9
5.3.10
5.3.11
5.3.12
5.3.13
5.3.14
5.4: Rare gases. Interaction of molecules with the surface of a solid body
2 / 20
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.4.4
5.4.5
5.4.6
5.4.7
5.4.8
5.4.9
5.4.10
5.4.11
5.4.12
5.4.13
5.4.15
5.4.17
5.4.18
5.4.19
5.4.20
5.5: Equation of state of an ideal gas
2 / 36
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.4
5.5.5
5.5.6
5.5.7
5.5.8
5.5.9
5.5.10
5.5.11
5.5.12
5.5.13
5.5.14
5.5.15
5.5.17
5.5.18
5.5.19
5.5.20
5.5.21
5.5.22
5.5.23
5.5.24
5.5.25
5.5.26
5.5.27
5.5.28
5.5.29
5.5.30
5.5.31
5.5.32
5.5.33
5.5.34
5.5.35
5.5.36
5.6: First Law of Thermodynamics. Heat capacity
2 / 31
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.6.5
5.6.6
5.6.7
5.6.8
5.6.9
5.6.10
5.6.11
5.6.12
5.6.13
5.6.14
5.6.15
5.6.16
5.6.17
5.6.18
5.6.19
5.6.20
5.6.21
5.6.23
5.6.24
5.6.25
5.6.26
5.6.27
5.6.28
5.6.29
5.6.30
5.7: Gas flow
0 / 9
5.7.1
5.7.2
5.7.3
5.7.4
5.7.5
5.7.6
5.7.7
5.7.8
5.7.9
5.8: Probability of a thermodynamical state
0 / 16
5.8.1
5.8.2
5.8.3
5.8.4
5.8.5
5.8.6
5.8.7
5.8.8
5.8.9
5.8.10
5.8.11
5.8.12
5.8.13
5.8.14
5.8.15
5.8.16
5.9: Second Law of Thermodynamics
4 / 26
5.9.1
5.9.4
5.9.6
5.9.7
5.9.8
5.9.9
5.9.11
5.9.12
5.9.13
5.9.14
5.9.15
5.9.16
5.9.17
5.9.18
5.9.19
5.9.20
5.9.21
5.9.22
5.9.23
5.9.24
5.9.25
5.9.26
5.10: Phase transitions
0 / 35
5.10.1
5.10.2
5.10.3
5.10.4
5.10.5
5.10.6
5.10.7
5.10.8
5.10.9
5.10.10
5.10.11
5.10.12
5.10.13
5.10.14
5.10.15
5.10.16
5.10.17
5.10.18
5.10.19
5.10.20
5.10.21
5.10.22
5.10.23
5.10.24
5.10.25
5.10.26
5.10.27
5.10.28
5.10.29
5.10.30
5.10.31
5.10.32
5.10.33
5.10.34
5.10.35
5.11: Thermal radiation
0 / 17
5.11.1
5.11.2
5.11.3
5.11.4
5.11.5
5.11.6
5.11.7
5.11.8
5.11.9
5.11.10
5.11.11
5.11.12
5.11.13
5.11.14
5.11.15
5.11.16
5.11.17
▶
Chapter 6. Electrostatics
11 / 154
6.1: Coulomb's law. Electric field
0 / 21
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
6.1.8
6.1.9
6.1.10
6.1.11
6.1.12
6.1.13
6.1.14
6.1.15
6.1.16
6.1.17
6.1.18
6.1.19
6.1.20
6.1.21
6.2: The flux of the electric field. Gauss's theorem
4 / 15
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
6.2.8
6.2.9
6.2.14
6.2.15
6.3: The potential of an electric field. Conductors in a constant electric field
0 / 40
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.3.6
6.3.7
6.3.8
6.3.9
6.3.10
6.3.11
6.3.12
6.3.13
6.3.14
6.3.15
6.3.16
6.3.17
6.3.18
6.3.19
6.3.20
6.3.21
6.3.22
6.3.23
6.3.24
6.3.25
6.3.26
6.3.27
6.3.28
6.3.29
6.3.30
6.3.31
6.3.32
6.3.33
6.3.34
6.3.35
6.3.36
6.3.37
6.3.38
6.3.39
6.3.40
6.4: Capacitors
1 / 18
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
6.4.5
6.4.6
6.4.8
6.4.9
6.4.10
6.4.11
6.4.12
6.4.13
6.4.14
6.4.15
6.4.16
6.4.17
6.4.18
6.5: Electrical pressure. The energy of an electric field
5 / 30
6.5.4
6.5.5
6.5.6
6.5.7
6.5.8
6.5.9
6.5.10
6.5.11
6.5.14
6.5.15
6.5.16
6.5.17
6.5.18
6.5.19
6.5.20
6.5.21
6.5.22
6.5.23
6.5.24
6.5.25
6.5.26
6.5.27
6.5.28
6.5.29
6.5.30
6.6: The electric field in the presence of a dielectric
1 / 30
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
6.6.4
6.6.5
6.6.6
6.6.7
6.6.8
6.6.9
6.6.10
6.6.11
6.6.12
6.6.13
6.6.15
6.6.16
6.6.17
6.6.18
6.6.19
6.6.20
6.6.21
6.6.22
6.6.23
6.6.24
6.6.25
6.6.26
6.6.27
6.6.28
6.6.29
6.6.30
▶
Chapter 7. Motion of charged particles in an electric field
16 / 95
7.1: Movement in a constant electric field
9 / 28
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.4
7.1.5
7.1.7
7.1.8
7.1.9
7.1.11
7.1.13
7.1.14
7.1.15
7.1.16
7.1.18
7.1.19
7.1.20
7.1.21
7.1.24
7.1.25
7.1.26
7.2: Focusing charged particles
0 / 14
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.2.5
7.2.6
7.2.7
7.2.8
7.2.9
7.2.10
7.2.11
7.2.12
7.2.13
7.2.14
7.3: Motion in an alternating electric field
2 / 15
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4
7.3.5
7.3.6
7.3.7
7.3.8
7.3.11
7.3.12
7.3.13
7.3.14
7.3.15
7.4: Interaction of charged particles
5 / 38
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
7.4.5
7.4.6
7.4.7
7.4.8
7.4.9
7.4.10
7.4.11
7.4.12
7.4.13
7.4.14
7.4.15
7.4.16
7.4.17
7.4.19
7.4.20
7.4.21
7.4.22
7.4.23
7.4.25
7.4.27
7.4.28
7.4.29
7.4.30
7.4.31
7.4.32
7.4.33
7.4.34
7.4.36
7.4.37
▶
Chapter 8. Electric current
2 / 124
8.1: Current. Current density. Current in vacuum
1 / 21
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
8.1.6
8.1.7
8.1.8
8.1.9
8.1.10
8.1.11
8.1.12
8.1.13
8.1.14
8.1.15
8.1.16
8.1.17
8.1.18
8.1.19
8.1.20
8.1.21
8.2: Conductivity. Resistance. Sources of electromotive force
0 / 34
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
8.2.6
8.2.7
8.2.8
8.2.9
8.2.10
8.2.11
8.2.12
8.2.13
8.2.14
8.2.15
8.2.16
8.2.17
8.2.18
8.2.19
8.2.20
8.2.21
8.2.22
8.2.23
8.2.24
8.2.25
8.2.26
8.2.27
8.2.28
8.2.29
8.2.30
8.2.31
8.2.32
8.2.33
8.2.34
8.3: Electric circuits
1 / 48
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.3.4
8.3.5
8.3.6
8.3.7
8.3.8
8.3.9
8.3.10
8.3.11
8.3.12
8.3.13
8.3.14
8.3.16
8.3.17
8.3.18
8.3.19
8.3.20
8.3.21
8.3.22
8.3.23
8.3.24
8.3.25
8.3.26
8.3.27
8.3.28
8.3.29
8.3.30
8.3.31
8.3.32
8.3.33
8.3.34
8.3.35
8.3.36
8.3.37
8.3.38
8.3.39
8.3.40
8.3.41
8.3.42
8.3.43
8.3.44
8.3.45
8.3.46
8.3.47
8.3.48
8.4: Capacitors and non-linear elements in electrical circuits
0 / 21
8.4.1
8.4.2
8.4.3
8.4.4
8.4.5
8.4.6
8.4.7
8.4.8
8.4.9
8.4.10
8.4.11
8.4.12
8.4.13
8.4.14
8.4.15
8.4.16
8.4.17
8.4.18
8.4.19
8.4.20
8.4.21
▶
Chapter 9. Constant magnetic field
33 / 75
9.2: The magnetic field of a moving charge. Induction of the magnetic field from a linear current
17 / 23
9.2.18
9.2.19
9.2.20
9.2.21
9.2.22
9.2.23
9.3: The magnetic field from a current distributed over a surface of space
1 / 24
9.3.1
9.3.3
9.3.4
9.3.5
9.3.6
9.3.7
9.3.8
9.3.9
9.3.10
9.3.11
9.3.12
9.3.13
9.3.14
9.3.15
9.3.16
9.3.17
9.3.18
9.3.19
9.3.20
9.3.21
9.3.22
9.3.23
9.3.24
9.4: Magnetic flux
0 / 13
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.4.3
9.4.4
9.4.5
9.4.6
9.4.7
9.4.8
9.4.9
9.4.10
9.4.11
9.4.12
9.4.13
▶
Chapter 10. Motion of charged particles in complex fields
9 / 41
10.1: Motion in a homogeneous magnetic field
4 / 29
10.1.4
10.1.5
10.1.6
10.1.7
10.1.8
10.1.9
10.1.10
10.1.11
10.1.12
10.1.13
10.1.14
10.1.16
10.1.17
10.1.18
10.1.19
10.1.20
10.1.21
10.1.22
10.1.23
10.1.24
10.1.25
10.1.26
10.1.27
10.1.28
10.1.29
10.2: Drift motion of particles
5 / 12
10.2.3
10.2.4
10.2.5
10.2.6
10.2.7
10.2.9
10.2.10
▶
Chapter 11. Electromagnetic induction
5 / 143
11.1: The motion of conductors in a constant magnetic field. Electric motors
2 / 32
11.1.1
11.1.2
11.1.3
11.1.4
11.1.5
11.1.6
11.1.7
11.1.8
11.1.9
11.1.10
11.1.11
11.1.12
11.1.13
11.1.14
11.1.15
11.1.16
11.1.17
11.1.18
11.1.19
11.1.20
11.1.21
11.1.22
11.1.23
11.1.24
11.1.25
11.1.26
11.1.27
11.1.30
11.1.31
11.1.32
11.2: Vortex electric field
1 / 21
11.2.1
11.2.3
11.2.4
11.2.5
11.2.6
11.2.7
11.2.8
11.2.9
11.2.10
11.2.11
11.2.12
11.2.13
11.2.14
11.2.15
11.2.16
11.2.17
11.2.18
11.2.19
11.2.20
11.2.21
11.3: Mutual inductance. Inductance of conductors. Transformers
0 / 25
11.3.1
11.3.2
11.3.3
11.3.4
11.3.5
11.3.6
11.3.7
11.3.8
11.3.9
11.3.10
11.3.11
11.3.12
11.3.13
11.3.14
11.3.15
11.3.16
11.3.17
11.3.18
11.3.19
11.3.20
11.3.21
11.3.22
11.3.23
11.3.24
11.3.25
11.4: AC electrical circuits
0 / 25
11.4.1
11.4.2
11.4.3
11.4.4
11.4.5
11.4.6
11.4.7
11.4.8
11.4.9
11.4.10
11.4.11
11.4.12
11.4.13
11.4.14
11.4.15
11.4.16
11.4.17
11.4.18
11.4.19
11.4.20
11.4.21
11.4.22
11.4.23
11.4.24
11.4.25
11.5: Magnetic flux conservation. Superconductors in magnetic field
2 / 28
11.5.1
11.5.2
11.5.3
11.5.4
11.5.5
11.5.6
11.5.7
11.5.8
11.5.9
11.5.10
11.5.12
11.5.13
11.5.14
11.5.15
11.5.16
11.5.17
11.5.18
11.5.20
11.5.21
11.5.22
11.5.23
11.5.24
11.5.25
11.5.26
11.5.27
11.5.28
11.6: Relation of an alternating electric field to a magnetic field
0 / 12
11.6.1
11.6.2
11.6.3
11.6.4
11.6.5
11.6.6
11.6.7
11.6.8
11.6.9
11.6.10
11.6.11
11.6.12
▶
Chapter 12. Electromagnetic waves
3 / 49
12.1: Properties of emission and reflection of electromagnetic waves
3 / 34
12.1.1
12.1.2
12.1.5
12.1.7
12.1.8
12.1.9
12.1.10
12.1.11
12.1.12
12.1.13
12.1.14
12.1.15
12.1.16
12.1.17
12.1.18
12.1.19
12.1.20
12.1.21
12.1.22
12.1.23
12.1.24
12.1.25
12.1.26
12.1.27
12.1.28
12.1.29
12.1.30
12.1.31
12.1.32
12.1.33
12.1.34
12.2: Propagation of electromagnetic waves
0 / 15
12.2.1
12.2.2
12.2.3
12.2.4
12.2.5
12.2.6
12.2.7
12.2.8
12.2.9
12.2.10
12.2.11
12.2.12
12.2.13
12.2.14
12.2.15
▶
Chapter 13. Geometrical optics. Photometry. Quantum nature of light
16 / 105
13.1: Rectilinear propagation and reflection of light
4 / 20
13.1.1
13.1.2
13.1.3
13.1.4
13.1.5
13.1.7
13.1.8
13.1.9
13.1.10
13.1.11
13.1.12
13.1.15
13.1.16
13.1.17
13.1.18
13.1.20
13.2: Refraction of light. The lens formula
2 / 23
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.2.5
13.2.6
13.2.7
13.2.8
13.2.9
13.2.10
13.2.12
13.2.13
13.2.15
13.2.16
13.2.17
13.2.18
13.2.19
13.2.20
13.2.21
13.2.22
13.2.23
13.3: Optical systems
1 / 28
13.3.1
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
13.3.6
13.3.7
13.3.8
13.3.9
13.3.10
13.3.11
13.3.12
13.3.13
13.3.14
13.3.15
13.3.17
13.3.18
13.3.19
13.3.20
13.3.21
13.3.22
13.3.23
13.3.24
13.3.25
13.3.26
13.3.27
13.3.28
13.4: Photometry
7 / 25
13.4.1
13.4.2
13.4.3
13.4.4
13.4.5
13.4.6
13.4.7
13.4.8
13.4.9
13.4.10
13.4.11
13.4.12
13.4.13
13.4.15
13.4.18
13.4.19
13.4.24
13.4.25
13.5: The quantum nature of light
2 / 9
13.5.1
13.5.2
13.5.3
13.5.4
13.5.5
13.5.8
13.5.9
▶
Chapter 14. Special theory of relativity
7 / 129
14.1: The constancy of the light speed. Velocity addition
2 / 28
14.1.3
14.1.4
14.1.5
14.1.6
14.1.7
14.1.8
14.1.9
14.1.10
14.1.11
14.1.12
14.1.13
14.1.14
14.1.15
14.1.16
14.1.17
14.1.18
14.1.19
14.1.20
14.1.21
14.1.22
14.1.23
14.1.24
14.1.25
14.1.26
14.1.27
14.1.28
14.2: The slowing down of time and the reduction in the size of bodies in motion; the Lorentz Transformations
1 / 18
14.2.1
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
14.2.6
14.2.7
14.2.8
14.2.9
14.2.10
14.2.11
14.2.12
14.2.13
14.2.14
14.2.15
14.2.16
14.2.17
14.2.18
14.3: The transformation of electric and magnetic fields
1 / 28
14.3.1
14.3.2
14.3.3
14.3.4
14.3.5
14.3.6
14.3.7
14.3.8
14.3.10
14.3.11
14.3.12
14.3.13
14.3.14
14.3.15
14.3.16
14.3.17
14.3.18
14.3.19
14.3.20
14.3.21
14.3.22
14.3.23
14.3.24
14.3.25
14.3.26
14.3.27
14.3.28
14.4: Motion of relativistic particles in electric and magnetic fields
0 / 31
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.4.3
14.4.4
14.4.5
14.4.6
14.4.7
14.4.8
14.4.9
14.4.10
14.4.11
14.4.12
14.4.13
14.4.14
14.4.15
14.4.16
14.4.17
14.4.18
14.4.19
14.4.20
14.4.21
14.4.22
14.4.23
14.4.24
14.4.25
14.4.26
14.4.27
14.4.28
14.4.29
14.4.30
14.4.31
14.5: Conservation of mass and momentum
3 / 24
14.5.2
14.5.3
14.5.4
14.5.5
14.5.7
14.5.8
14.5.9
14.5.10
14.5.11
14.5.12
14.5.14
14.5.15
14.5.16
14.5.17
14.5.18
14.5.19
14.5.20
14.5.21
14.5.22
14.5.23
14.5.24