Решение на момент правки #18577 от , автор huz0. Это не текущая версия.

Statement

5.11.15. The photon energy is related to its momentum by the relation
where
is the photon velocity equal to the speed of light. Prove that the photon gas pressure is related to the energy density by the relation

Solution

We consider a mirror-walled box with dimensions .
photons bounce off the walls, making pressure, like in usual gas. Collisions are, of course, elastic.

Gas has isotrophy of directions of photons' speeds, also energy distribution is equal alongside axes. This can be shown with Boltzman's distribution in impulse phase space, since photon gas is closest to an ideal gas physical model. (probability of photon collision is ).

Since all photons trave with the same speed , we can talk about some average energy that every photon have. Since gas has isotrophy of directions of photons' speeds, we can divide the gas into 3 different independent gases with same amount of photons .

Let's look at those, who moves parallel to .
Once in a time every photon hits the right wall once, giving impulse .
Total impulse:
Total force:
Pressure:

Answer

It is a prove. No answer needed.