Новое решение
en/14.3.24.md
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| + | ### Statement | ||
| + | |||
| + | $14.3.24.$ [Insert the problem statement] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ### Solution | ||
| + | |||
| + | We start analysing Rest frame S' | ||
| + | |||
| + | In the system S' the solenoid is at rest: | ||
| + | |||
| + | The solenoid is "long and flat": its turns define a plane; the magnetic moment $\mathbf{M}$ | ||
| + | is perpendicular to that plane (normal direction). Let us take | ||
| + | take $\mathbf{M}' =M\,\hat{\mathbf{z}}$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | There is no electric moment | ||
| + | $\mathbf{p}' = 0$. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In the laboratory system S, the solenoid moves with velocity $\mathbf{v} = v\,\hat{\mathbf{x}}$ | ||
| + | parallel to the flat surfaces (hence, perpendicular to $\mathbf{M})$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Under a boost with velocity | ||
| + | $ \mathbf{v}$ | ||
| + | the electric dipole moment $\mathbf{p}$ and magnetic dipole moment $\mathbf{m}$ transform according to: | ||
| + | |||
| + | $\begin{aligned} | ||
| + | \mathbf{p} &= \gamma\left( \mathbf{p}' + \frac{\mathbf{v}}{c} \times \mathbf{m}' \right) - \frac{\gamma^2}{\gamma+1}\,\frac{\mathbf{v}}{c}\left( \frac{\mathbf{v}}{c} \cdot \mathbf{p}' \right),\\ | ||
| + | \mathbf{m} &= \gamma\left( \mathbf{m}' - \frac{\mathbf{v}}{c} \times \mathbf{p}' \right) - \frac{\gamma^2}{\gamma+1}\,\frac{\mathbf{v}}{c}\left( \frac{\mathbf{v}}{c} \cdot \mathbf{m}' \right). | ||
| + | \end{aligned}$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | In our case:$ \mathbf{p}' = 0$ and $\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{m}' = 0 $(because they are perpendicular) | ||
| + | Therefore: | ||
| + | |||
| + | $\boxed{\mathbf{p} = \frac{\gamma}{c}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M}}, \qquad | ||
| + | \mathbf{m} = \gamma\,\mathbf{M}$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | The magnetic moment in S increases by a factor of $\gamma$ | ||
| + | and an electric moment appears perpendicular to $\mathbf{v}$ and to $\mathbf{M}$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | For $ v \ll c (\gamma \approx 1)$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | In CGS: $\displaystyle \mathbf{p} \approx \frac{1}{c}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M}$. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In SI: the factor is | ||
| + | $1/c^2$ | ||
| + | $\displaystyle \mathbf{p} = \frac{1}{c^2}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M} $ | ||
| + | |||
| + | (with $\mathbf{M}$ in $A·m²$) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Magnitude (if $\mathbf{v} \perp \mathbf{M})$: | ||
| + | $ p = \frac{v}{c}\,M (CGS)$ | ||
| + | or $ p = \frac{v}{c^2}\,M$(SI) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Direction: | ||
| + | perpendicular to$ \mathbf{v} $and to $\mathbf{M}$, | ||
| + | that is, parallel to the flat surfaces but perpendicular to the motion. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | #### Answer | ||
| + | |||
| + | $\boxed{\mathbf{p} = \frac{\gamma}{c}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M} \;\;(\text{CGS}), \qquad | ||
| + | \mathbf{p} = \frac{\gamma}{c^2}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M} \;\;(\text{SI})}$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | In the low-velocity limit $(\gamma \to 1)$: | ||
| + | |||
| + | $p \approx \frac{v}{c}M \;\;(\text{CGS}), \qquad | ||
| + | p \approx \frac{v}{c^2}M \;\;(\text{SI})$ | ||
| + | |||
| + | The electric moment appears because, when in motion, the currents that produce the magnetic moment are no longer simultaneous in the new system, generating an effective dipolar charge distribution | ||
| + | |||
| + | #### Answer | ||
| + | |||
| + | [Insert a concise answer or boxed result] | ||
| @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ | |||
| ### Statement | |||
| $14.3.24.$ [Insert the problem statement] | |||
| ### Solution | |||
| We start analysing Rest frame S' | |||
| In the system S' the solenoid is at rest: | |||
| The solenoid is "long and flat": its turns define a plane; the magnetic moment $\mathbf{M}$ | |||
| is perpendicular to that plane (normal direction). Let us take | |||
| take $\mathbf{M}' =M\,\hat{\mathbf{z}}$ | |||
| There is no electric moment | |||
| $\mathbf{p}' = 0$. | |||
| In the laboratory system S, the solenoid moves with velocity $\mathbf{v} = v\,\hat{\mathbf{x}}$ | |||
| parallel to the flat surfaces (hence, perpendicular to $\mathbf{M})$ | |||
| Under a boost with velocity | |||
| $ \mathbf{v}$ | |||
| the electric dipole moment $\mathbf{p}$ and magnetic dipole moment $\mathbf{m}$ transform according to: | |||
| $\begin{aligned} | |||
| \mathbf{p} &= \gamma\left( \mathbf{p}' + \frac{\mathbf{v}}{c} \times \mathbf{m}' \right) - \frac{\gamma^2}{\gamma+1}\,\frac{\mathbf{v}}{c}\left( \frac{\mathbf{v}}{c} \cdot \mathbf{p}' \right),\\ | |||
| \mathbf{m} &= \gamma\left( \mathbf{m}' - \frac{\mathbf{v}}{c} \times \mathbf{p}' \right) - \frac{\gamma^2}{\gamma+1}\,\frac{\mathbf{v}}{c}\left( \frac{\mathbf{v}}{c} \cdot \mathbf{m}' \right). | |||
| \end{aligned}$ | |||
| In our case:$ \mathbf{p}' = 0$ and $\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{m}' = 0 $(because they are perpendicular) | |||
| Therefore: | |||
| $\boxed{\mathbf{p} = \frac{\gamma}{c}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M}}, \qquad | |||
| \mathbf{m} = \gamma\,\mathbf{M}$ | |||
| The magnetic moment in S increases by a factor of $\gamma$ | |||
| and an electric moment appears perpendicular to $\mathbf{v}$ and to $\mathbf{M}$ | |||
| For $ v \ll c (\gamma \approx 1)$ | |||
| In CGS: $\displaystyle \mathbf{p} \approx \frac{1}{c}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M}$. | |||
| In SI: the factor is | |||
| $1/c^2$ | |||
| $\displaystyle \mathbf{p} = \frac{1}{c^2}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M} $ | |||
| (with $\mathbf{M}$ in $A·m²$) | |||
| Magnitude (if $\mathbf{v} \perp \mathbf{M})$: | |||
| $ p = \frac{v}{c}\,M (CGS)$ | |||
| or $ p = \frac{v}{c^2}\,M$(SI) | |||
| Direction: | |||
| perpendicular to$ \mathbf{v} $and to $\mathbf{M}$, | |||
| that is, parallel to the flat surfaces but perpendicular to the motion. | |||
| #### Answer | |||
| $\boxed{\mathbf{p} = \frac{\gamma}{c}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M} \;\;(\text{CGS}), \qquad | |||
| \mathbf{p} = \frac{\gamma}{c^2}\,\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{M} \;\;(\text{SI})}$ | |||
| In the low-velocity limit $(\gamma \to 1)$: | |||
| $p \approx \frac{v}{c}M \;\;(\text{CGS}), \qquad | |||
| p \approx \frac{v}{c^2}M \;\;(\text{SI})$ | |||
| The electric moment appears because, when in motion, the currents that produce the magnetic moment are no longer simultaneous in the new system, generating an effective dipolar charge distribution | |||
| #### Answer | |||
| [Insert a concise answer or boxed result] | |||