Added 2.1.53, 2.1.49-en; Updated 2.1.46-2.1.59

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+ <header style="text-align:center;">
+ <h2>Solutions of Savchenko Physics Textbook</h2>
+ <p class="author">
+ Aliaksandr Melnichenka <br/>
+ October 2023
+ </p>
+ </header>
+
+ <h3 id="back-link"><a href="../">$\leftarrow$Back</a></h3>
+
+ <h3> Statement </h3>
+
+ <p>
+ $2.1.49$
+ A load is suspended from the free end of the thread attached to the wall and thrown over the roller. The roller is fixed on a bar of mass $m_0$, which can slide along a horizontal plane without friction. At the initial moment, the thread with the load is deflected from the vertical by an angle α and then released. Determine the acceleration of the bar if the angle formed by the thread with the vertical does not change during the movement of the system. What is the weight of the cargo?
+
+ </p>
+ <center>
+ <figure>
+ <img src="statement.png"
+ loading="lazy" width="230" />
+ <figcaption>
+ For problem 2.1.49
+ </figcaption>
+ </figure>
+ </center>
+
+ <h3>Solution</h3>
+ <center>
+ <figure>
+ <img src="sol.png"
+ loading="lazy" width="400" />
+ <figcaption>
+ Forces acting on the system
+ </figcaption>
+ </figure>
+ </center>
+ <p>
+ Newton's second law of motion:
+ $$OX: \;T - T \sin \alpha = m_0 a_{0x} $$
+ $$ T \sin \alpha = m_{a1x} $$
+
+ $$OY: \;N - mg - T \cos \alpha = m_0 a_{0y} = 0 $$
+ $$ T \cos \alpha - mg = m_{a1y} $$
+ $$ \tan \alpha = \frac{x_0 - x_1}{y_0 - y_1} $$
+ Since $\alpha = \text{const}$
+ <div class="scroll-wrapper">
+ $$
+ \frac{d}{dt} \left( \tan \alpha \right) = \frac{\left( \frac{dx_0}{dt} - \frac{dx_1}{dt} \right)(y_0 - y_1) - \left( \frac{dy_0}{dt} - \frac{dy_1}{dt} \right)(x_0 - x_1)}{(y_0 - y_1)^2} = 0
+ $$</div>
+
+ <div class="scroll-wrapper">
+ $$
+ \frac{d}{dt} \left( \left( \frac{dx_0}{dt} - \frac{dx_1}{dt} \right)(y_0 - y_1) \right) = \frac{d}{dt} \left( \left( \frac{dy_0}{dt} - \frac{dy_1}{dt} \right)(x_0 - x_1) \right)
+ $$</div>
+ <div class="scroll-wrapper">
+ $$
+ \left(\frac{d^{2}x_{0}}{dt^{2}}-\frac{d^{2}x_{1}}{dt^{2}}\right)(y_{0}-y_{1})+\left(\frac{dx_{0}}{dt}-\frac{dx_{1}}{dt}\right)\left(\frac{dy_{0}}{dt}-\frac{dy_{1}}{dt}\right)=$$
+ $$\left(\frac{d^{2}y_{0}}{dt^{2}}-\frac{d^{2}y_{1}}{dt^{2}}\right)(x_{0}-x_{1})+\left(\frac{dy_{0}}{dt}-\frac{dy_{1}}{dt}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{dx_{0}}{dt}-\frac{dx_{1}}{dt}\right)
+ $$</div>
+
+
+ $$
+ (a_{0x} - a_{1x})(y_0 - y_1) = (a_{0y} - a_{1y})(x_0 - x_1)
+ $$
+ $$ \tan \alpha (a_{0y} - a_{1y}) = a_{0x} - a_{1x}$$
+ From (1)
+ $$a_{0y} = 0$$
+ $$ -\tan \alpha\, a_{1y} = a_{0x} - a_{1x} $$
+ Length of the rope:
+ $$ L = x_w - x_0 + \frac{y_0 - y_1}{\cos \alpha} $$
+ Since the rope is inextensible
+ <div class="scroll-wrapper">
+ $$ \frac{d^2 L}{dt^2} = -\frac{d^2 x_0}{dt^2} + \frac{1}{\cos \alpha} \left( \frac{d^2 y_0}{dt^2} - \frac{d^2 y_1}{dt^2} \right) = 0 $$
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="scroll-wrapper">
+ $$ \left( \frac{d^2 x_0}{dt^2} = a_{0x}, \frac{d^2 y_0}{dt^2} = a_{0y}, \frac{d^2 y_1}{dt^2} = a_{1y} \right) $$</div>
+ $$ a_{0x} \cdot \cos \alpha = a_{0y} - a_{1y}$$
+ From $(1)$: $a_{0y} = 0$
+ $$ a_{0x} \cos \alpha = -a_{1y} $$
+ By dividing the equations from (1):
+ <div class="scroll-wrapper">
+ $$ \frac{T \sin \alpha}{T \cos \alpha} = \frac{m a_{1x}}{m (g + a_{1y})} \to \tan \alpha (g + a_{1y}) = a_{1x} $$</div>
+ $$ \tan \alpha a_{1y} = a_{1x} - g \tan \alpha$$
+ and using (4)
+ $$\boxed{a_{0x} = g \tan \alpha }$$
+ By dividing the equations from (1):
+
+ $$
+ \frac{T(1 - \sin \alpha)}{T \cos \alpha} = \frac{M}{m} \cdot \frac{a_{0x}}{g + a_{1y}}$$
+ Note that:
+ $$a_{1y} = -g \sin \alpha$$
+
+ $$ \frac{1 - \sin \alpha}{\cos \alpha} \frac{M}{m} = \frac{g \tan \alpha}{g - g \sin \alpha} \to m = \frac{M \sin \alpha}{(1 - \sin \alpha)^2} $$
+ $$ \boxed{m = \frac{M \sin \alpha}{(1 - \sin \alpha)^2}} $$
+
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