8.1.1. a) In a synchrotron, electrons move in an approximately circular orbit of length $\ell = 240\;\rm{m}$. During the acceleration cycle, there are approximately $n = 10^{11}$ electrons in orbit, their speed is almost equal to the speed of light. What is the current equal to? b) Determine the current generated by an electron moving in an orbit of radius $r = 0.5 · 10^{−10}\;\rm{m}$ in a hydrogen atom.
Solution
The electric current is defined by:
$i = \frac{dq}{dt}$
but $dq = e dn$, where e is the fundamental electrical charge and $dt = ds/c$, where c is the speed of light.
$i = ce \frac{dn}{ds}$
we can approximate $\frac{dn}{ds}$ to $\frac{n}{\ell}$, son